3 Best Ways to Save Capital Gains Tax
Real estate is generally a great term investment option if you have patience and financial resources to acquire and sustain it. It helps in generating continuous passive income and is a good strategy to begin building wealth for future financial stability and security. There will be taxes and regular maintenance charges to cover so gaining technical and practical know how about this investment option is a good place to start.
Livemint.com also highlighted a study by the Institute for New Economic Thinking which states that “residential real estate, not equity, has been the best long-run investment over the course of modern history”. Their study finds that while returns on housing and equities have been similar in the long-run, housing has been much less volatile. Hence, risk-adjusted returns from housing has been better over the long run and that is why buyers prefer it while financial planning.
Not many are aware of the capital gains tax. It often comes up as an unexpected tax for many people. In some situations, it can turn out to be a huge tax and can eat up the profits you earn while selling a property. The capital gains tax you pay depends on whether it’s short term or long term. Short term capital gains are added to your taxable income, and you have to pay income tax according to the different tax slabs. Long term capital gains attract 20% tax on the gains.
On the other hand, capital loss is the loss incurred when any capital asset depreciates in value and the loss is realized when the asset is sold for a price lower than the original purchase price. In essence it’s the difference between the purchase price and the sale price where the latter is lower than the former. So if a house bought for ₹ 350,000 is sold after 5 years later for ₹ 300,000, the capital loss comes out to be ₹ 50,000.
A property tax assessment is undertaken annually to determine the market value of the property. It is carried out by determining the area it is in, occupancy status (self-occupied or rented out), type of property (residential, commercial or land), amenities provided (parking, rainwater harvesting etc.), year of construction, type of construction (multi-storied/ single floor, pucca/kutcha structure, etc.), floor space index and carpeted square area of the property.
There are several smart ways that you can save on capital gains tax in India. Here, in today’s post, we show you all that you need to know about this tax and the best ways to reduce it.
What is Capital Gains Tax in Real Estate?
Simply put, capital gains is the profit you make when you sell a capital asset – a plot of land, a residential house, a commercial building or any other capital asset for a higher price than the price you paid for acquiring it. The rates levied are 0%, 15% or 20%, depending on an individual’s tax bracket. Capital gains can be divided into two major classifications:
- Long term capital gains – Sale of property held for more than two years (24 months)
- Short term capital gains – Sale of property held for up to two years.
What is Capital Gains Tax in Real Estate?
Simply put, capital gains is the profit you make when you sell a capital asset – a plot of land, a residential house, a commercial building or any other capital asset for a higher price than the price you paid for acquiring it. The rates levied are 0%, 15% or 20%, depending on an individual’s tax bracket. Capital gains can be divided into two major classifications:
* Long term capital gains – Sale of property held for more than two years (24 months)
* Short term capital gains – Sale of property held for up to two years.
Long Term Capital Gains Tax Exemptions on Sale of Land/House | |||
|---|---|---|---|
Section 54 | Section 54EC | Section 54F | |
Who can claim the exemption? | Individual/HUF | Any person | Individual/HUF |
Asset sold/transferred | Residential Property | Any long term capital asset | Land/Plot (other than Residential House) |
Holding period of Original Asset | More than 2 Years | More than 2 Years | More than 2 Years |
New Asset to be acquired | Residential House | Notified bonds | Residential House |
Time limit for new investment | Purchase: 1 year backward or 2 years forward | Within 6 months | Purchase: 1 year backward or 2 years forward |
Exemption Amount | Investment in the new asset or capital gain, whichever is lower | (Long Term Capital Gain) Amount invested in new asset or bonds or capital gain, whichever is lower (maximum upto Rs.50 lacs) | (Long Term Capital Gain x Amount invested in new house) divided by sale proceeds of original asset i.e Net Consideration |
How to Calculate Capital Gains Taxes?
For short term capital gains, here’s the formula to use:
Calculation of Short Term Capital Gains | ||
Total Sale Price | (Full Value of Consideration) | xxxx |
Less: | Expenses related to Sale/Transfe | xxxx |
Less: | Acquisition Cost | xxxx |
Less: | Cost of Improvement | xxxx |
NET SHORT TERM CAPITAL GAINS | xxxx | |
Short term capital gains = Total sale price of the property – (cost of initial purchase + expenses incurred during the sale + cost of renovations made (if any).
This amount should be added to your taxable income.
The formula for long term capital assets is similar;
however, the one difference is that the “Indexed Cost of Improvement/Indexed Cost of Acquisition” from the sale price.
Calculation of Long Term Capital Gains | ||
|---|---|---|
Total Sale Price | (Full Value of Consideration) | xxxx |
Less: | Indexed Cost of Acquisition | xxxx |
Less: | Indexed Cost of Improvemen | xxxx |
Gross Long Term Capital Gains | ||
Less: | Exemptions U/S 54 Series | xxxx |
NET SHORT TERM CAPITAL GAINS | xxxx | |
To arrive at the indexation, you should apply the cost inflation index (CII).
Indexation helps you adjust the purchase price to account for the rate of inflation for the years you have held the property. This accordingly increases your cost base and lowers capital gains on par with the inflation rates.
Who should pay Capital Gains Tax for Real Estate Selling?
If you sell a house, an apartment, a plot of land or any other property for a price higher than what you initially purchased it for, then you are liable to pay capital gains tax.
How to file Capital Gains Tax in India?
Once you have calculated your capital gains and the type, the next step is to include it in your income tax returns. You have to disclose details like cost of purchase, type of asset, sales consideration, transfer expenses, etc. in your income tax details.
Now, that you’ve understood the basics of what is capital gains tax and how to calculate and file it, let’s take a look at some ways to save capital gains taxes in India while selling a property.
Ways to Reduce Capital Gains Tax
Generally, the capital gains tax you have to pay when selling a property runs in lakhs. However, you can substantially reduce it by using one of the following methods:
1. Exemptions under Section 54F,
when you buy or construct a Residential Property
Very often, when people move to a new house, they sell their old house to pay for the new house. In such cases, if you use the sale proceeds obtained from selling your old property to pay for the new one, you are exempted from capital gains tax under Section 54F, if you meet the following conditions:
- You buy a new house one year before the selling of the old house.
- You buy a new house up till two years from the sale of the old house, or you construct a new house up till three years of selling the old house.
- You cannot sell the new house for the next three years; else the exemptions are withdrawn. Here the three years is calculated from the date of acquisition or completion of the new house.
Currently, Section 54F applies to only one residential property. It allows for the sale of non-residential property to purchase a residential property. If you use the entire capital gains for the purchase of the new property, then you don’t have to pay any capital gains tax.
Who is it for? Exemptions under Section 54F is ideal for people who sell a property to pay for the purchase of a new residential property.
2. Purchase Capital Gains Bonds under Section 54EC
If you are selling a property, but have no interest in purchasing a residential property using the proceeds, then you can make use of capital gains bonds.
Let’s take a look at the features of capital gains bonds:
- Capital gains invested in these bonds are exempt from the capital gains tax. If you invest the entire amount you got by selling a property, then you don’t have to pay any capital gains tax.
- These bonds give an annual interest of 5-6%, which is lower than the rates of fixed deposits.
- You must invest the sum within six months of selling the property.
- You must invest the sum within six months of selling the property It has a lock-in period of five years. At the end of five years, the redemption of these bonds is automatic.
- These bonds cannot be sold or transferred to anyone.
- Capital gains bonds are highly secure and have AAA rating.
- The minimum investment is ₹ 10,000 and the face value of each bond are ₹ 10,000.
- You cannot invest more than Rs 50 lakhs in capital gains.
- ou can hold the bonds either in physical or demat form.
- These bonds are sold through banks, and you can choose from bonds of NHAI or REC.
Who is it for? Capital gains bonds work well for people who aren’t interested in purchasing a new residential property.
3. Investing in Capital Gains Accounts Scheme
Purchasing a new residential property may take time. You have to find a preferred home/apartment that you like to buy, negotiate with the seller and complete paperwork – all of which can be time-consuming.
Investing in capital gains accounts gives you temporary relief. Consider this as parking your capital gains tax safely for the time being, while you scout for a new property. You can invest the capital gains you obtained by selling a property in a public sector bank or other banks approved by the capital gains account scheme of 1988.
In your income tax returns, you can claim tax exemptions for the money you have parked in capital gains accounts in approved banks. You don’t have to pay any tax for it. However, the amount has to remain with the bank for three years, failing the deposit will be treated as capital gains, and you have to pay tax for it in the next financial cycle.
Who is it for? Investing in capital gains account scheme is ideal for people who want to purchase a residential property by using the proceeds but want a place to park it temporarily, till they complete the details of the purchase.
Example of Capital Gains Tax while Selling Property in India
Say Mr Amit purchased a house in 2001-02 for INR 10,00,000. He happily lived in the house with his family and children. His children have grown up and are well-settled in the USA. Hence, In 2018, he plans to sell his current property and use its proceeds to buy a new home at a purchase price of Rs. 40,0000.
|
Selling Year of the house |
2021-22 |
|
Original Cost of Acquisition |
100000 |
|
CII of 2001-2002 |
100 |
|
CII of 2018-2019 |
280 |
|
Sales Consideration |
Rs. 40,00,000 |
|
|
Less |
Indexed Cost of Acquisition |
Rs. 28,00,000 |
|
Long Term Capital Gain |
Rs. 12,00,000 |
|
|
Less |
Exemption from Tax: |
|
|
a) Section 54: Purchase of new house |
Rs. 40,00,000 |
|
|
b) Section 54EC: Investment in REC/NHAI Bonds |
||
|
NET TAX PAYABLE |
Rs. 0 |